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Updated: Jul 9, 2025
Adapting Human Videofluoroscopic Swallow Study Methods to Detect and Characterize Dysphagia in Murine Disease Models
Published on: March 1, 2015
Validity and reliability of the Group for Learning Useful and Performant Swallowing (GLUPS) tool
Jerome R Lechien1,2,3,4, Auriane Blouin5, Robin Baudouin6
1Division of Laryngology and Bronchoesophagology, Condorcet School of Speech Therapy, EpiCURA Hospital, Saint-Ghislain, Belgium. jerome.lechien@umons.ac.be.
Introduction:
To validate the Group for Learning Useful and Performant Swallowing (GLUPS), a clinical tool dedicated to videofluoroscopy swallowing study (VFSS).
Methods:
Forty-five individuals were recruited from January 2022 to March 2023 from the Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery of University Hospital Saint-Pierre (Brussels, Belgium). Subjects underwent VFSS, which was rated with GLUPS tool by two blinded otolaryngologists and one speech-therapist. VFSS were rated twice with GLUPS within a 7-day period to assess test-retest reliability.
Results:
Twenty-four patients and twenty-one controls completed the evaluations. The internal consistency (α = 0.745) and the test-retest reliability (rs = 0.941; p = 0.001) were adequate. GLUPS reported a high external validity regarding the significant correlation with the Penetration-Aspiration Scale (rs = 0.551; p = 0.001). Internal validity was adequate, because GLUPS score was significant higher in patients compared to controls (6.21 ± 4.42 versus 2.09 ± 2.00; p = 0.001). Interrater reliability did not report significant differences in the GLUPS sub- and total score among the independent judges. The mean GLUPS score of individuals without any evidence of VFSS abnormalities was 2.09/23 (95% CI 1.23-2.95), which supported that a GLUPS score ≥ 3.0 is suggestive of pathological VFSS.
Conclusions:
GLUPS is a clinical instrument documenting the abnormal findings of oral and pharyngeal phases at the VFSS. GLUPS demonstrated high reliability and excellent criterion-based validity. GLUPS may be used in clinical practice for the swallowing evaluation at the VFSS.
