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Cardiovascular implications of inflammatory bowel disease: An updated review

Arshia Bhardwaj1, Arshdeep Singh1, Vandana Midha2

  • 1Department of Gastroenterology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Punjab, Ludhiana 141001, India.

World Journal of Cardiology
|December 7, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) face increased risks of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD). This review examines IBD-ASCVD links, mechanisms, and treatment impacts on heart health.

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Cardiology
  • Rheumatology

Background:

  • Chronic inflammatory disorders, like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), are increasingly linked to higher risks of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD).
  • Understanding this association is crucial for managing patient health comprehensively.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review epidemiological data connecting IBD and ASCVD.
  • To elucidate potential underlying mechanisms driving this association.
  • To evaluate the cardiovascular risks associated with IBD treatments, including novel small molecule drugs.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature search of PubMed (inception to August 2023).
  • Keywords included IBD (Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis) and ASCVD (coronary artery disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, etc.).
  • Inclusion of diverse study types: cohort studies, clinical trials, meta-analyses, and guidelines.

Main Results:

  • Emerging data confirms a heightened ASCVD risk in IBD patients.
  • Potential mechanisms linking IBD and ASCVD are explored.
  • Cardiovascular effects of IBD therapies, including small molecule drugs, are analyzed, with comparisons to rheumatoid arthritis.

Conclusions:

  • There is a significant intersection between inflammatory bowel disease and cardiovascular health.
  • Further research and clinical attention are warranted to mitigate ASCVD risk in IBD patients.
  • Evaluation of cardiovascular safety profiles for IBD treatments is essential.

Keywords:
Cardiovascular disordersChronic inflammationEndothelial dysfunctionInflammatory bowel diseasesOxidative stressPericarditisThromboembolismmyocarditis

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