Complete rectal prolapse presenting with colorectal cancer.

Area of Science:

• Gastroenterology
• Colorectal Surgery
• Oncology

Background:

• Rectal prolapse involves the protrusion of all rectal wall layers through the anal sphincter.
• The co-occurrence of rectal prolapse and colon cancer is exceptionally rare in clinical practice.

Observation:

• A 69-year-old female presented with a diagnosed sigmoid colon cancer alongside a manifest rectal prolapse.
• A literature review identified only six previously reported cases of concurrent rectal prolapse and colorectal cancer, predominantly in female patients.

Findings:

• The study describes a unique case of rectal prolapse coexisting with sigmoid colon cancer.
• This combination has been documented in very few patients globally, underscoring its rarity.

Implications:

• Patients with manifest rectal prolapse require mandatory colonoscopy.
• Histological examination of biopsies is crucial for patients with rectal prolapse, especially if ulcers are present, to rule out underlying malignancy.