Keratoconus: A historical and prospective review

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Corneal Diseases

Background:

• Keratoconus and ectatic corneal diseases are progressive thinning disorders of the cornea.
• Understanding these conditions is crucial for effective patient management and treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive historical and prospective review of keratoconus and ectatic corneal diseases.
• To cover definitions, prevalence, predisposing factors, diagnosis, management, classifications, and progression criteria.
• To highlight the often-overlooked psychological, social, and economic impacts of these conditions.

Main Methods:

• A historical and prospective review of existing literature.
• Information presented chronologically based on the first author.

Main Results:

• The review synthesizes information on various aspects of keratoconus and ectatic corneal diseases.
• It identifies key diagnostic and management criteria.
• It emphasizes the significant, yet often missed, psychosocial and economic burden.

Conclusions:

• Despite advances, challenges remain in understanding and managing keratoconus and ectatic corneal diseases.
• Further research and strategic planning are needed to overcome current difficulties.
• A comprehensive approach, including psychosocial support, is essential for patient care.