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Electron Transport Chains01:28

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The final stage of cellular respiration is oxidative phosphorylation that consists of two steps: the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. The electron transport chain is a set of proteins found in the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotic cells. Its primary function is to establish a proton gradient that can be used during chemiosmosis to produce ATP and generate electron carriers, such as NAD+ and FAD, that are used in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
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During the electron transport chain, electrons from NADH and FADH2 are first transferred to complexes I and II, respectively. These two complexes then transfer the electrons to ubiquinol, which carries them further to complex III. Complex III passes the electrons across the intermembrane space to Cyt c, which carries them further to complex IV. Complex IV donates electrons to oxygen and reduces it to water. As electrons pass through complexes I, III, and IV, the energy released aids the pumping...
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Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II01:46

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The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
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The chemical and physical properties of plasma membranes cause them to be selectively permeable. Since plasma membranes have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, substances need to be able to transverse both regions. The hydrophobic area of membranes repels substances such as charged ions. Therefore, such substances need special membrane proteins to cross a membrane successfully. In  facilitated transport, also known as facilitated diffusion, molecules and ions travel across a...
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Oxidative phosphorylation is a highly efficient process that generates large amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the basic unit of energy that drives many cellular processes. Oxidative phosphorylation involves two processes— the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis.
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Efficient Electron Hopping Transport through Azurin-Based Junctions.

Carlos Roldán-Piñero1, Carlos Romero-Muñiz2, Ismael Díez-Pérez3

  • 1Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters
|December 7, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Electron transport through azurin protein junctions can be influenced by single-site hopping, potentially altering current values. This quantum study offers insights for interpreting experimental data in complex biological systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Quantum Chemistry
  • Molecular Electronics

Background:

  • Electron transport in biological molecules is crucial for understanding biological processes.
  • Azurin, a blue-copper protein, serves as a model system for studying electron transfer.
  • Interpreting experimental current-voltage (IV) curves in protein junctions is challenging due to system complexity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To theoretically investigate electron transport mechanisms through azurin protein junctions.
  • To compare single-site hopping transport with fully coherent transport.
  • To analyze factors influencing current asymmetry and temperature dependence in these junctions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized fully quantum calculations to model electron transport.
  • Simulated transport through azurin junctions with varying structural details and orbital alignments.
  • Investigated the impact of hopping site number and tip position on current.

Main Results:

  • Single-site hopping can result in higher or lower currents than coherent transport, depending on junction structure and orbital alignment.
  • The asymmetry of IV curves is sensitive to the tip's position within the junction.
  • Hopping currents increase with a greater number of hopping sites.
  • The hopping mechanism can exhibit low temperature dependence under specific conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Theoretical findings provide a deeper understanding of electron transport mechanisms in azurin junctions.
  • The study offers guidance for interpreting complex experimental IV curves.
  • Quantum calculations reveal the significant role of hopping transport in protein-based molecular electronics.