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Related Concept Videos

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Auscultation, an essential part of a heart examination, is done using a stethoscope. It provides crucial information about heart function and possible heart problems. Due to heart problems, abnormal sounds can be heard during systole or diastole. These sounds include S3 and S4 gallops, opening snaps, systolic clicks, and murmurs.
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The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
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Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2025

An Image Guided Transapical Mitral Valve Leaflet Puncture Model of Controlled Volume Overload from Mitral Regurgitation in the Rat
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Degenerative mitral regurgitation.

Victoria Delgado1, Nina Ajmone Marsan2, Robert O Bonow3

  • 1University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain. videlga@gmail.com.

Nature Reviews. Disease Primers
|December 7, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Degenerative mitral regurgitation affects millions globally. Early diagnosis and treatments like surgery or transcatheter therapies significantly improve patient outcomes and survival rates.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Medical Diagnostics
  • Surgical Innovation

Background:

  • Degenerative mitral regurgitation (DMR) is a significant global health concern, impacting millions and causing substantial disability and mortality.
  • Timely diagnosis and effective treatment are crucial for improving patient prognosis and reducing the public health burden of DMR.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for degenerative mitral regurgitation.
  • To highlight advancements in surgical and transcatheter interventions for DMR.
  • To discuss the role of translational science in developing future medical therapies for DMR.

Main Methods:

  • Review of diagnostic imaging modalities including echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance.
  • Analysis of outcomes from surgical mitral valve repair, including minimally invasive techniques.
  • Evaluation of transcatheter mitral valve repair/replacement in high-risk patients.

Main Results:

  • Advanced imaging techniques enhance diagnostic accuracy and inform optimal intervention timing for DMR.
  • Minimally invasive surgical repair offers durable results, lasting over 20 years.
  • Transcatheter therapies provide effective solutions for select high-risk patients with up to 5-year durability.

Conclusions:

  • Improving access to diagnostics and timely interventions like surgical repair is key to better DMR outcomes.
  • Both surgical and transcatheter approaches offer valuable treatment options for DMR patients.
  • Ongoing translational research holds promise for novel medical therapies to manage DMR progression.