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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2025

Mouse Na&#239;ve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets
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Oleic acid availability impacts thymocyte preprogramming and subsequent peripheral Treg cell differentiation.

Liangyu Lin1, Mingyuan Hu1, Qing Li1

  • 1CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.

Nature Immunology
|December 7, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Oleic acid (OA) production by thymic epithelia is critical for T cell development. Lack of OA enhances regulatory T (Treg) cell differentiation by altering epigenetic modifications in thymocytes.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • T cell subset differentiation is crucial for immune responses.
  • Features determining T cell subset preference during thymic development are not fully understood.
  • Regulatory T (Treg) cells play a vital role in immune homeostasis and preventing autoimmunity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of oleic acid (OA) production in thymic T cell differentiation.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which OA availability influences T cell fate.
  • To determine the impact of OA deficiency on immune responses and autoimmune diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Generated mice lacking Sterol regulatory element-binding protein cleavage-activating protein 1 (Scd1), the enzyme for OA production, in thymic epithelial cells.
  • Analyzed T cell differentiation in the thymus and periphery of Scd1-deficient mice.
  • Utilized epigenetic analysis (H3K79me2 levels) and molecular assays to study gene regulation.
  • Investigated the calcium-NFAT1-Foxp3 signaling pathway upon T cell receptor activation.

Main Results:

  • Scd1 deficiency in thymic epithelia led to enhanced differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells into Treg cells.
  • Lack of OA resulted in increased H3K79 dimethylation at the Atp2a2 locus in thymocytes.
  • This epigenetic modification persisted in mature T cells, facilitating Atp2a2 expression.
  • ATP2A2 enhanced the calcium-NFAT1-Foxp3 axis activity, promoting Treg cell differentiation upon activation.
  • Scd1-deficient mice showed attenuated development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Conclusions:

  • Oleic acid availability is critical for preprogramming thymocytes towards Treg cell differentiation.
  • Epigenetic modifications at the Atp2a2 locus, influenced by OA levels, are key mediators of Treg cell development.
  • Thymic microenvironment's metabolic state, specifically OA production, shapes peripheral immune cell function.
  • Targeting OA metabolism could offer therapeutic strategies for autoimmune diseases.