Analysis of energy loss in the helical hedge flow channel of fruit tree root emitter

This paper proposes the design of a helical hedge flow channel with a high energy loss, which shows promising potential for application in fruit tree root emitters. The aim is to investigate the relationship between the energy loss form in the channel and its influencing factors. The hydraulic performance testing method is employed to analyze the factors that affect energy loss. The main influencing factors are determined using the response surface methodology (RSM) for experimental design. Based on the obtained experimental results, the energy loss form and influencing factors are analyzed, and a prediction model for the energy loss coefficient (ξ) is established. The results indicate that the ξ exhibits a decreasing trend with an increase in the diversion angle (α), a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with an increase in the channel width (b), and an increasing trend with an increase in the number of channel units (n). The effects of the straight section length (l₁), convergence section length (l₂), and bend radius (r) on the ξ can be neglected. The ranking of the geometric parameters' influence on the ξ is as follows: n > b > α > l₁ > r > l₂. The experimental results reveal that the ξ ranges from 19.2 to 234.3. Furthermore, the head loss along the flow channel constitutes merely 0.06-0.47% of the local head loss, The main form of energy loss in the spiral counter flow channel is local head loss. There is a significant linear relationship between α, b, n and the ξ, The established prediction model (R² = 0.9691) can accurately predict the ξ of the channel.