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Development of the extraocular muscles during the fetal period

Cemil Bilkay1, Esra Koyuncu2, Ahmet Dursun3

  • 1Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey. cemilbilky@hotmail.com.

Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy : SRA
|December 8, 2023
PubMed

Insights

This study measured fetal eye muscles, creating a modified Tillaux spiral. Findings detail morphometric development and tendon attachment sites, contributing to fetal pathology and ophthalmology research.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Embryology
  • Anatomy

Background:

  • Extraocular muscles are crucial for eye movement.
  • Understanding their fetal development is key for diagnosing congenital conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the morphometric development of extraocular muscles during the fetal period.
  • To create an updated Tillaux spiral incorporating new measurements.

Main Methods:

  • Dissection of 157 fetal eyes (13-40 weeks gestation).
  • Measurement of extraocular muscle tendon widths and limbal attachment distances.
  • Development of a modified Tillaux spiral.

Main Results:

  • Included superior oblique (SO) and inferior oblique (IO) muscles in the modified Tillaux spiral.
  • No significant gender differences in tendon widths.
  • Tendons were larger in the right eye for most muscles, except SO (larger in the left).
  • No significant gender or side differences in tendon attachment distances to the limbus, except for rectus muscles (larger in the right eye).

Conclusions:

  • The modified Tillaux spiral provides valuable morphometric data for fetal extraocular muscles.
  • Findings are relevant for fetopathology, obstetrics, ophthalmology, and plastic surgery.
  • Contributes to foundational knowledge for future research in related fields.
Abstract

Keywords:
EvolutionExtraocular musclesFetusTillaux

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