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The COVID-19 inflammation and high mortality mechanism trigger
Samuel Stróż1, Piotr Kosiorek2,3, Anna Stasiak-Barmuta2
1Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089, 1 Jana Kilińskiego Str., Białystok, Poland. strozsamuel@gmail.com.
Immunogenetics
|December 8, 2023
Summary
The COVID-19 cytokine storm drives severe disease and organ damage. Vaccines remain effective against severe outcomes, but ongoing monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 variants is crucial for public health.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Immunology
- Epidemiology
Background:
- The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, resulted in millions of deaths globally.
- Viral entry via spike protein binding to ACE2 receptors triggers replication and a detrimental cytokine storm.
- Understanding pathogenesis, variants, risk factors, and vaccines is vital for managing the pandemic.
Approach:
- A systematic literature search was conducted for studies published between 2020 and 2023.
- The review analyzes COVID-19 pathogenesis, prevalent viral strains, risk factors for severe disease, and vaccine efficacy.
Key Points:
- The cytokine storm is a central mechanism in COVID-19 pathogenesis, leading to multiorgan damage.
- Key SARS-CoV-2 variants (Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Omicron) exhibit varying transmissibility, severity, and immune evasion.
- Older age, obesity, and comorbidities are significant risk factors for severe COVID-19 outcomes.
Conclusions:
- The cytokine storm is a critical factor in COVID-19 severity and multiorgan damage.
- Effective vaccines exist, but emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants necessitate continuous monitoring and strategy adaptation.
- This review offers current insights to guide public health interventions for COVID-19 containment and treatment.
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