Simultaneously Intelligent Sensing and Beamforming Based on an Adaptive Information Metasurface.

Area of Science:

• Electromagnetic (EM) field sensing
• Metasurface technology
• Wave manipulation

Background:

• Metasurfaces offer adaptability in various electromagnetic environments, but large-scale EM-field sensing remains challenging.
• Intelligent sensing and wave manipulation are crucial for advanced applications.

Purpose of the Study:

• To propose an adaptive information metasurface for simultaneous intelligent sensing and wave manipulation.
• To achieve adaptive intelligent target localization and beam tracking.

Main Methods:

• The metasurface is constructed from an array of meta-atoms, each with two PIN diodes and a sensing-channel structure.
• Each meta-atom provides 1-bit phase response for polarization-insensitive, programmable beamforming and sensing.
• The design ensures minimal interaction between beamforming and sensing modes, with sensing loss > -10 dB in both states.

Main Results:

• Demonstrated multiple functions including intelligent target sensing and self-adaptive beamforming.
• Experimental results show good agreement with numerical simulations and theoretical calculations.
• The proposed meta-atom exhibits a 1-bit phase response and high sensing loss.

Conclusions:

• The adaptive information metasurface effectively enables simultaneous intelligent sensing and wave manipulation.
• The device facilitates adaptive target localization and beam tracking.
• This work advances metasurface capabilities for complex electromagnetic applications.