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Embodied Conversational Agents Providing Motivational Interviewing to Improve Health-Related Behaviors: Scoping
José Mercado1, Ismael Edrein Espinosa-Curiel1, Juan Martínez-Miranda1
1Unidad de Transferencia Tecnológica Tepic, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico.
Embodied conversational agents (ECAs) show promise for health behavior change using motivational interviewing (MI). Further research should enhance ECA characteristics and MI integration for better intervention outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Human-Computer Interaction
- Digital Health
- Behavioral Science
Background:
- Embodied conversational agents (ECAs) are human-like interfaces for natural interaction.
- ECAs are innovative tools for delivering health behavior interventions, including motivational interviewing (MI).
- MI is a therapeutic approach to encourage healthier behaviors.
Purpose of the Study:
- Identify health issues addressed by ECAs delivering MI.
- Explore key ECA characteristics (appearance, dialogue, emotion).
- Analyze MI principle implementation and evaluate study outcomes.
Main Methods:
- Scoping review using PRISMA-ScR methodology.
- Systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, IEEE Xplore, ACM Digital, PsycINFO (2008-2022).
- Inclusion of papers on ECAs for MI interventions; exclusion of non-human-like ECAs or those lacking MI/evaluation details.
Main Results:
- 14 studies included; ECAs focused on alcohol reduction (36%), mostly female (64%).
- Rule-driven dialogue (93%) and emotional expression (57%) were common; emotion recognition was limited (86%).
- Partial MI principle/process integration; limited MI technique use; positive acceptability/usability but limited RCTs for behavior change.
Conclusions:
- ECAs show advancements in delivering MI for health behaviors.
- Need for deeper exploration of ECA characteristics and enhanced MI integration.
- Prioritize assessing attitude, belief, motivation, and behavior changes, with more RCTs.
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