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Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Concurrent Electroencephalography Recording During Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation tACS
Published on: January 22, 2016
A voltage-controlled current source for temporal interference stimulation: Analysis, design, and study
Rui Qian1,2, Zhenqian Cao1,2, Bo Li1,2
1School of Biomedical Engineering, AnHui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
Abstract:
The temporal interference stimulation is a new technique to modulate brain activity by applying multiple channels of voltage-controlled current source (VCCS) simultaneously to the receptor surface. In this paper, the envelopes of the overlapped current waves at several areas of the receptor were analyzed and discussed with different circuit structures of VCCS. A complementary differential current source (CDCS) was designed to fit the best circuit topology based on the analysis of the enhanced Howland current source structure. Experiments were conducted by injecting current to a swine tissue using the CDCS and conventional VCCS and acquiring the voltage waveform data from different parts of the tissue. The waveforms were compared and analyzed, revealing that the conventional VCCS may generate an interference envelope in unexpected regions, while the CDCS did not. The CDCS design approach in this paper provides a new solution for temporal interference stimulation VCCS.
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