Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 9, 2025

Preparation and Characterization of SDF-1α-Chitosan-Dextran Sulfate Nanoparticles
Published on: January 22, 2015
Vitamin B12-loaded chitosan-based nanoparticle-embedded polymeric nanofibers for sublingual and transdermal
Ece Guler1, Humeyra Betul Yekeler2, Gita Parviz3
1Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, İstanbul Kent University, İstanbul 34406, Türkiye; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, İstanbul 34854, Türkiye; Center for Nanotechnology and Biomaterials Application and Research, Marmara University, İstanbul 34722, Türkiye; UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Sciences, Rowland Hill Street, NW3 2PF London, UK; MecNano Technologies, Cube Incibation, Teknopark İstanbul, İstanbul 34906, Türkiye.
Abstract:
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegeneration type that is biologically recognizable via β-amyloid plaques and tau neurofibril tangles. Global estimation for the total count of individuals enduring AD will rise up to 131 million by 2050. Investigations suggested the existence of a direct proportion between the likelihood of AD occurrence and vitamin B12 (VB12) hypovitaminosis. Approved VB12 administrations, intramuscular and oral, each has serious defects broaching the demand for alternative routes. This work developed VB12-loaded chitosan/tripolyphosphate/polyvinyl alcohol (CS/TPP/PVA) nanoparticles (NPs) embedded in polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and polyvinylpyrrolidone/polycaprolactone (PVP/PCL) nanofibrous (NFs) produced by pressurized gyration (PG) for sublingual and transdermal routes, respectively. Biomaterials were investigated morphologically, chemically, and thermally. Moreover, degradation, disintegration, release behavior, and release kinetics were analyzed. The effectiveness and safety of nanomaterials were assessed and proven with the alamarBlue test on the Aβ1-42-induced SH-SY5Y model. The final evaluation suggested the feasibility, safety, and effectiveness of produced systems. Consequently, two alternative VB12 application routes were developed with high effectivity and low toxicity with the power of nanotechnology.
Related Concept Videos
Drug Delivery: Enteral Route
Drug Delivery: Overview
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
Routes of Drug Administration: Enteral
Enteral administration involves drug administration via the mouth in two ways: orally or sublingually.
Unlike sublingually drugs, drugs that are taken orally pass through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and get metabolized by the liver. Once metabolized, the drug is absorbed into the systemic circulation, reaching different body parts via the bloodstream. However, while passing through the stomach,...
Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
Non-Oral Extravascular Drug Absorption Routes
Lipophilic drugs that are stable at salivary pH (6) and exhibit minimal binding to the oral mucosa are absorbed more...

