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Designing secure PUF-based authentication protocols for constrained environments.

Sang-Woong Lee¹, Masoumeh Safkhani^2,3, Quynh Le⁴

¹Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning Lab, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdaero, Sujeonggu, Seongnam, 13120, Republic of Korea.

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|December 8, 2023

Summary

This study reveals critical security flaws in PLAKE and EV-PUF authentication protocols, including key leakage and impersonation risks. An improved protocol is proposed to enhance security for PUF-based systems.

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Area of Science:

Cryptography and Network Security
Hardware Security
Information Technology

Background:

Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) are essential for secure authentication and key agreement due to their unique physical properties.
Existing PUF-based authentication protocols require rigorous security evaluation to prevent vulnerabilities.
PLAKE and EV-PUF are recently developed protocols relying on PUFs for authentication.

Purpose of the Study:

To perform a comprehensive cryptanalysis of the PLAKE and EV-PUF authentication protocols.
To identify and demonstrate specific vulnerabilities, including impersonation and key leakage attacks.
To propose an improved PUF-based authentication protocol addressing the identified security weaknesses.

Main Methods:

Developed and executed cryptanalytic attacks targeting the PLAKE protocol to extract shared secret keys.
Designed and implemented efficient attacks against the EV-PUF protocol to determine shared keys between entities.
Proposed a novel PUF-based authentication protocol incorporating enhanced security measures against known attack vectors.

Main Results:

Identified significant vulnerabilities in PLAKE, allowing key extraction with negligible complexity via eavesdropping.
Demonstrated efficient attacks against EV-PUF, enabling shared key determination and highlighting the risk of network-wide compromise from a single client breach.
The proposed improved protocol effectively mitigates all attacks demonstrated against PLAKE and EV-PUF.

Conclusions:

PLAKE and EV-PUF exhibit critical security vulnerabilities that threaten the integrity of PUF-based authentication systems.
The findings emphasize the necessity for robust design and thorough security validation of PUF-based protocols.
The presented improved protocol offers enhanced security, serving as a valuable reference for secure authentication in IoT and electric vehicle charging systems.