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Related Concept Videos

Oxidation of Alcohols02:37

Oxidation of Alcohols

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In this lesson, the oxidation of alcohols is discussed in depth. The various reagents used for oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols are detailed, and their mechanism of action is provided.
The process of oxidation in a chemical reaction is observed in any of the three forms:
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Autoxidation of Ethers to Peroxides and Hydroperoxides02:23

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Ethers represent a class of chemical compounds that become more dangerous with prolonged storage because they tend to form explosive peroxides when standing in the air. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly oxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides.
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Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones01:17

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In the presence of oxidizing agents, phenols are oxidized to quinones. Quinones can be easily reduced back to phenols using mild reducing agents. The electron-donating hydroxyl group enhances the reactivity of the aromatic ring, enabling oxidation of the ring even in the absence of an α hydrogen.
o-hydroxy phenols are oxidized to o-quinones and p-hydroxy phenols to p-quinones. Such redox reactions involve the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The reversible redox...
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Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Potassium Permanganate02:21

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Alkenes can be dihydroxylated using potassium permanganate.  The method encompasses the reaction of an alkene with a cold, dilute solution of potassium permanganate under basic conditions to form a cis-diol along with a brown precipitate of manganese dioxide.
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Oxidations of Aldehydes and Ketones to Carboxylic Acids01:15

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Oxidation of aldehydes and ketones results in the formation of carboxylic acids. Aldehydes, bearing hydrogen next to the carbonyl group, are easily oxidized compared to ketones. This is because an aldehydic proton can easily be abstracted during oxidation.
Aldehydes readily undergo oxidation in strong oxidizing agents such as potassium permanganate and chromic acid. The oxidation can also be carried out using mild oxidizing agents such as silver oxide. In fact, aldehydes can be easily oxidized...
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Alkenes are converted to 1,2-diols or glycols through a process called dihydroxylation. It involves the addition of two hydroxyl groups across the double bond with two different stereochemical approaches, namely anti and syn. Dihydroxylation using osmium tetroxide progresses with syn stereochemistry.
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Oxidation Treatments Using Hydrogen Peroxide to Convert Paper-Grade Eucalyptus Kraft Pulp into Dissolving-Grade Pulp.

Andrea Vera-Loor1, Panagiota Rigou1, Gérard Mortha1

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Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 9, 2023
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Summary

Converting Kraft pulp to dissolving pulp requires eco-friendly methods. A periodate-peroxide system effectively removes hemicelluloses, enhancing pulp quality for dissolving applications, unlike peroxide alone.

Keywords:
dissolving pulphydrogen peroxidepaper grade pulpperiodate oxidation

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Area of Science:

  • Pulp and Paper Chemistry
  • Green Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Converting paper-grade bleached Kraft pulp to dissolving pulp is crucial for various industries.
  • Existing methods often lack eco-friendly chemical approaches suitable for on-site mill application.
  • Efficient hemicellulose removal is key to improving pulp solubility and suitability for dissolving applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate eco-friendly oxidation systems for converting Kraft pulp into dissolving pulp.
  • To compare the efficacy of a hydrogen peroxide system versus a periodate-peroxide system for hemicellulose removal.
  • To assess the impact of these treatments on pulp purity, solubility, and degradation.

Main Methods:

  • Two oxidation systems were investigated: hydrogen peroxide at varying alkalinity and sodium periodate followed by hydrogen peroxide.
  • The periodate-peroxide system was designed to convert aldehyde groups to carboxyls, aiding hemicellulose removal.
  • Pulp properties including purity, solubility, viscosity, molecular mass distribution, and brightness were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Hydrogen peroxide treatment alone resulted in insufficient hemicellulose removal, limiting improvements in dissolving ability.
  • The periodate-peroxide system demonstrated significantly higher efficiency in removing hemicelluloses.
  • The periodate-peroxide treatment enhanced pulp purity and solubility while maintaining acceptable viscosity.

Conclusions:

  • The periodate-peroxide system is a more effective eco-friendly method for producing dissolving pulp from Kraft pulp compared to peroxide alone.
  • This approach offers a viable on-site mill solution for upgrading pulp quality for dissolving applications.
  • Further investigation into potential applications based on the characterized pulp properties is warranted.