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Beacon Success Rate versus Gateway Density in Sub-GHz Sensor Networks.

Başak Can¹, Bora Karaoğlu¹, Srikar Potta¹

¹Amazon Lab126, 1100 Enterprise Way, Sunnyvale, CA 94089, USA.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

|December 9, 2023

Summary

Interference from multiple gateways (GWs) in IoT networks can cause packet loss. This study models collisions, analyzing GW density and modulation to optimize performance and reduce data loss in wide area networks (WANs).

Keywords:

Carrier-to-Interference ratio GFSK IEEE 802.15.4 Internet of Things (IoT)Wide Area Network (WAN)beacon collision beacon interval frequency hopping gateway latency sensors

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Area of Science:

Wireless communication networks
Internet of Things (IoT)
Network performance analysis

Background:

Multiple Gateways (GWs) enable Internet of Things (IoT) sensor connectivity in Wide Area Networks (WANs).
End Nodes (ENs) discover Gateways (GWs) via periodic beacons, enhancing coverage diversity.
Simultaneous beacon transmissions from nearby GWs cause interference and collisions, impacting network reliability.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze the impact of intra-network interference on coexisting Gateways (GWs).
To determine the maximum number of GWs that can coexist in an IoT WAN.
To develop a novel collision model considering Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical (PHY) layer effects.

Main Methods:

Development of a new collision model incorporating partial overlap durations and relative power of colliding events.
Analysis of the relationship between collisions and packet loss rates.
Performance evaluation using analytical methods (for validation) and simulation methods based on field measurement data.

Main Results:

The study quantifies the impact of interference on GW coexistence and packet loss.
Numerical results using Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying (GFSK) modulation are presented.
Larger beacon intervals and frequency hopping reduce beacon loss but increase acquisition latency.
Increased GW density reduces gateway discovery latency due to abundant beacons.

Conclusions:

The findings provide guidance for selecting GFSK modulation parameters for low bit-rate, narrow-bandwidth IoT applications.
Optimizing beacon intervals and employing frequency hopping are crucial for managing beacon loss and latency trade-offs.
Understanding GW density effects is key to efficient gateway discovery in IoT WANs.