Advances in Emerging Catalytic Materials for the Conversion of Carbon Dioxide

The use of fossil fuels leads to significant CO₂ emissions, thus highlighting the importance for investigating the utilization of CO₂ for generating high-value chemical products toward achieving the dual-carbon goal. CO₂ can be efficiently used in synthesizing valuable organic compounds through C-C, C-O, C-H, and C-N bond construction, with reduction technologies effectively converting CO₂ to organic carbon sources. Therefore, the research in developing environmentally friendly catalysts for efficient and renewable CO₂ conversion holds great importance. New materials for catalytic conversion include zeolites, activated carbon, graphene, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), ionic liquids, semiconducting photocatalysts, single-atom catalysts (SACs), and dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles (DMSNs). The proper research and use of these materials can aid in the quest to reduce carbon emissions and mitigate climate change. This Review focuses on the utilization of single-atom catalysts (SACs), ionic liquids (ILs), dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles (DMSNs), and carbene-metal catalytic systems in CO₂ conversion. The potential for new materials in catalyzing the conversion of CO₂ is examined by analyzing various common chemical carbon sequestration methods, ultimately providing possible research directions for effective solutions to climate and environmental pollution problems. On the basis of the high reaction rate and high treatment efficiency of the catalyst for the catalytic conversion of CO₂, the Review focuses on the simpler and more economical synthesis method of the catalyst itself and the wider application prospects.