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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Bladder01:23

Urinary Bladder

The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...
Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System II: Inspection and Palpation01:26

Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System II: Inspection and Palpation

The nursing assessment of the genitourinary (GU) system involves a systematic inspection and palpation to identify abnormalities in the kidneys, bladder, and surrounding structures.InspectionMouth: Inspect for signs of kidney dysfunction, such as stomatitis (inflammation of the mouth) and ammonia breath, which may occur in advanced kidney disease due to the buildup of urea, breaking down into ammonia.Skin: Check for pallor, which could indicate anemia caused by kidney disease. Look for...
Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:30

Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...
Imaging Studies II: Ultrasonography01:24

Imaging Studies II: Ultrasonography

IntroductionUltrasonography, or renal ultrasound, is a noninvasive medical imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and surrounding tissues.Indications for Urinary System UltrasonographyUrinary system ultrasonography is indicated in various clinical scenarios, such as:Kidney Stones (Urolithiasis): To detect and monitor the size and presence of kidney or urinary tract stones.Hydronephrosis: To assess the dilation of the renal pelvis and...
Urodynamic Studies: Uroflowmetry01:19

Urodynamic Studies: Uroflowmetry

Uroflowmetry is a non-invasive urodynamic test designed to measure various aspects of urination, including volume, flow rate, and the time to void. This test is crucial for diagnosing and assessing conditions such as bladder outlet obstruction, bladder dysfunction, incomplete bladder emptying, incontinence, and urinary tract blockages caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and urethral strictures.Pre-Test Instructions:Before a uroflowmetry test, patients are typically advised to drink...
Urine Studies II: Urine Culture and Sensitivity Test01:26

Urine Studies II: Urine Culture and Sensitivity Test

A urine culture and sensitivity test is a diagnostic procedure used to identify urinary tract bacterial infections and determine the most effective antibiotics for treatment. This test is generally preferred when a patient shows manifestations of a urinary tract infection, such as frequent or painful urination, cloudy or foul-smelling urine, or lower abdominal pain.Purpose of the TestThe primary goals of a urine culture and sensitivity test are to:Determine the specific bacteria causing the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 28, 2026

The Use of Cystometry in Small Rodents: A Study of Bladder Chemosensation
08:08

The Use of Cystometry in Small Rodents: A Study of Bladder Chemosensation

Published on: August 21, 2012

Measurement of trigonal sensitivity as a test of bladder function.

L A Klein

    The Journal of Urology
    |February 1, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary

    A new method quantifies pressure-sensitive receptors in the bladder and urethra, revealing altered sensory perception in patients with voiding disorders like urgency and retention. This could lead to better management strategies for these conditions.

    Area of Science:

    • Urology
    • Neuroscience
    • Physiology

    Background:

    • The urge to urinate is triggered by pressure receptors in the bladder and urethra.
    • Understanding these sensory mechanisms is crucial for diagnosing and managing voiding dysfunction.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and validate a method for measuring pressure perception thresholds in the bladder and posterior urethra.
    • To investigate how these thresholds differ in individuals with normal voiding versus those with various urinary disorders.

    Main Methods:

    • A balloon catheter was used to apply controlled force to the bladder base and posterior urethra.
    • The force required to elicit the urge to void was recorded in different patient groups and healthy individuals.
    • Lidocaine was applied to assess its effect on sensory perception.

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    Ultrasonography of the Adult Male Urinary Tract for Urinary Functional Testing
    05:25

    Ultrasonography of the Adult Male Urinary Tract for Urinary Functional Testing

    Published on: August 14, 2019

    In Vivo Luminal Measurement of Distension-Evoked Urothelial ATP Release in Rodents
    09:17

    In Vivo Luminal Measurement of Distension-Evoked Urothelial ATP Release in Rodents

    Published on: September 7, 2022

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jul 28, 2026

    The Use of Cystometry in Small Rodents: A Study of Bladder Chemosensation
    08:08

    The Use of Cystometry in Small Rodents: A Study of Bladder Chemosensation

    Published on: August 21, 2012

    Ultrasonography of the Adult Male Urinary Tract for Urinary Functional Testing
    05:25

    Ultrasonography of the Adult Male Urinary Tract for Urinary Functional Testing

    Published on: August 14, 2019

    In Vivo Luminal Measurement of Distension-Evoked Urothelial ATP Release in Rodents
    09:17

    In Vivo Luminal Measurement of Distension-Evoked Urothelial ATP Release in Rodents

    Published on: September 7, 2022

    Main Results:

    • Normal voiding perception occurred at 245 +/- 47 gm force.
    • Patients with irritative symptoms perceived the urge at a significantly lower force (132 +/- 50 gm).
    • Post-prostatectomy patients required more force (344-469 gm), and some chronic retention patients had reduced perception (526 +/- 32 gm).
    • Lidocaine reduced sensitivity by 210 +/- 114 gm.

    Conclusions:

    • Pressure-sensitive receptors in the bladder and urethra play a key role in micturition.
    • This method allows for quantitative assessment of these sensory receptors.
    • Findings suggest potential for new therapeutic protocols targeting these receptors for voiding disorders.