Dental Implants: Modern Materials and Methods of Their Surface Modification

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Dental Implantology
• Surface Engineering

Background:

• Dental implantology advancements depend on understanding implant-tissue interactions and osteogenesis.
• Key implant materials include titanium alloys, stainless steels, and zirconium alloys.
• Implant performance is influenced by material composition and surface characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current materials used in dental implants.
• To discuss the impact of the biological environment on implant performance.
• To explore various surface modification techniques for dental implants.

Main Methods:

• Review of scientific literature on dental implant materials and surface modifications.
• Analysis of physical-mechanical and biochemical properties of implant alloys.
• Categorization of surface modification methods (mechanical, physical, chemical, biochemical).

Main Results:

• Titanium, stainless steels, and zirconium alloys are primary dental implant materials.
• The biological environment can negatively affect implant osseointegration and biocompatibility.
• Surface modification is critical for improving implant-tissue integration.

Conclusions:

• Surface properties significantly influence dental implant osseointegration and biocompatibility.
• Various surface modification techniques offer promising strategies for enhancing implant performance.
• Further research into surface engineering is vital for advancing dental implantology.