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Updated: Jul 9, 2025

Modeling and Simulations of Olfactory Drug Delivery with Passive and Active Controls of Nasally Inhaled Pharmaceutical Aerosols
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Modeling and Simulations of Olfactory Drug Delivery with Passive and Active Controls of Nasally Inhaled Pharmaceutical Aerosols

Published on: May 20, 2016

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Delivery of Topical Drugs to the Olfactory Cleft

Andreas Espehana1,2, Liam Lee1, Elizabeth Mairenn Garden1

  • 1Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|December 9, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Olfactory dysfunction impacts millions globally. This review evaluates local drug delivery methods to the olfactory epithelium, aiming to improve treatments for smell disorders.

Area of Science:

  • Otorhinolaryngology
  • Neuroscience
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Olfactory dysfunction affects 20% of the global population, rising with age.
  • Complex pathophysiology and varied research methods limit effective treatments.
  • Current treatments involve local or systemic drug administration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize local drug delivery methods to the olfactory cleft.
  • To evaluate literature on the most effective delivery methods to the olfactory epithelium.
  • To review topical medications for olfactory dysfunction.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of olfactory dysfunction treatments.
  • Analysis of drug delivery methods to the olfactory epithelium.
  • Assessment of topical medication efficacy.

Main Results:

  • Significant heterogeneity in research methodologies complicates treatment evaluation.
  • Various local delivery systems exist, including nasal drops, sprays, and inhalers.
  • Further research is needed to establish optimal drug delivery for smell disorders.

Conclusions:

  • Effective drug delivery to the olfactory epithelium is crucial for treating smell disorders.
  • Standardized research approaches are needed to advance treatment options.
  • Targeted local delivery holds promise for future olfactory dysfunction therapies.
Keywords:
chronic rhinosinusitisolfactionolfactory dysfunction

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