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Molecular Changes Associated with Suicide.

Daniela Navarro1,2,3, Marta Marín-Mayor4,5, Ani Gasparyan1,2,3

  • 1Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Avda de Ramón y Cajal s/n, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain.

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|December 9, 2023
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Suicide is preventable, influenced by psychiatric disorders, early life stress, and epigenetic changes. Understanding these molecular alterations is key to identifying predisposing factors for suicidal behavior.

Keywords:
epigenetic changegenemolecular alterationrisk factorsuicide

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Suicide presents a significant global public health challenge with rising rates.
  • Suicidal behavior arises from a complex interplay of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors.
  • Dysfunctions in systems like the serotonergic, cannabinoid, and HPA axes are implicated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review primary risk factors for suicidal behavior.
  • To elucidate molecular changes in suicide victims and attempters.
  • To explore how these changes predispose individuals to suicidal tendencies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on risk factors.
  • Examination of genetic and epigenetic modifications.
  • Analysis of molecular changes in brain, plasma, and peripheral cells.

Main Results:

  • Multiple factors including psychiatric disorders, early life adversity, and epigenetic alterations contribute to suicide risk.
  • Early life abuse impacts stress coping and inflammation, increasing suicide risk.
  • Molecular changes in the brain and peripheral cells are associated with suicidal behavior.

Conclusions:

  • Suicidal behavior is multifactorial, involving genetic, epigenetic, and environmental influences.
  • Understanding molecular underpinnings is crucial for prevention strategies.
  • Further research into these changes can identify individuals at risk.