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PANoptosis in cancer, the triangle of cell death
Hantao Cai1,2, Mingming Lv3, Tingting Wang1,2
1The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
Background:
PANoptosis is a novel form of programmed cell death (PCD) found in 2019 that is regulated by the PANoptosome. PANoptosis combines essential features of pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis, forming a "death triangle" of cells. While apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis have been extensively studied for their roles in human inflammatory diseases and many other clinical conditions, historically they were considered as independent processes. However, emerging evidence indicates that these PCDs exhibit cross talk and interactions, resulting in the development of the concept of PANoptosis.
Methods:
In this review, we offer a concise summary of the fundamental mechanisms of apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis. We subsequently introduce the notion of PANoptosis and detail the assembly mechanism of the PANoptosome complex which is responsible for inducing cell death. We also describe some regulatory networks of PANoptosis.
Results:
PANoptosis now has been associated with various human diseases including cancer. Although the exact function of PANoptosis in each tumor is not fully understood, it represents a prospective avenue for cancer therapy, offering promise for advancements in cancer therapy.
Conclusions:
In the future, in-depth study of PANoptosis will continue to help us in understanding the fundamental processes underlying cell death and provide scientific support for cancer research.
Insights
PANoptosis, a new cell death form, integrates apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis. This programmed cell death (PCD) mechanism, regulated by the PANoptosome, shows promise for future cancer therapies.
Area of Science:
- Cell Biology
- Immunology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- PANoptosis is a recently identified programmed cell death (PCD) pathway, distinct from apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis.
- It integrates key features of these three PCDs, forming a unified regulatory network.
- The PANoptosome complex governs PANoptosis, highlighting a novel mechanism in cell death research.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the fundamental mechanisms of apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis.
- To introduce the concept and regulatory networks of PANoptosis.
- To detail the assembly and function of the PANoptosome complex.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of programmed cell death mechanisms.
- Conceptual framework development for PANoptosis.
- Analysis of PANoptosome assembly and regulatory networks.
Main Results:
- PANoptosis combines features of apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis.
- The PANoptosome complex is central to PANoptosis induction.
- PANoptosis is implicated in various human diseases, including cancer.
Conclusions:
- PANoptosis represents a significant advancement in understanding cell death.
- Further research into PANoptosis is crucial for cancer therapy development.
- This PCD pathway offers a prospective avenue for novel cancer treatments.
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