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Updated: Jun 13, 2026

High-throughput Synthesis of Carbohydrates and Functionalization of Polyanhydride Nanoparticles
Published on: July 6, 2012
On-surface Synthesis: What Happens Behind the Scenes?
Samuel Stolz1, Marco Di Giovannantonio2, Oliver Gröning3
1Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States. stolzsa@berkeley.edu.
Abstract:
On-surface synthesis has become a powerful approach to produce low-dimensional carbon-based nanostructures with atomistic precision. A large variety of analytical tools and methods are available to provide efficient monitoring of on-surface reactions, among which, scanning probe microscopy (SPM) has proven to be particularly efficient to characterize reaction intermediates and products down to the atomic scale. Nevertheless, due to limited temporal resolution, difficulties to explore the full temperature range, and lack of identifying the chemical environment of all elements involved in on-surface processes, SPM is ideally complemented with temperature programmed X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (TP-XPS). In this short review, we aim to unveil some of the capabilities of synchrotron based TP-XPS reporting on our own research on Ullmann-type on-surface coupling reactions.
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