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Reclassifying historical disasters: From single to multi-hazards.

Ryan Lee1, Christopher J White1, Mohammed Sarfaraz Gani Adnan1

  • 1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Multi-hazard events, involving multiple natural disasters, cause significant economic losses globally. While single disasters cause more deaths, understanding these complex events is crucial for better risk assessment and mitigation strategies.

Keywords:
Compound eventsEM-DATImpactsMulti-hazardsNatural hazard

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Area of Science:

  • Earth and Environmental Sciences
  • Disaster Risk Reduction
  • Climate Science

Background:

  • Multi-hazard events, defined by simultaneous or cascading natural hazards, pose complex threats to lives and assets.
  • Identifying these events is difficult due to intricate hazard interactions and limited observational data.
  • The cumulative and cascading effects of interacting hazards amplify their overall impact.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and apply an approach for identifying multi-hazard events from 1900-2023 using the EM-DAT database.
  • To analyze the frequency, impact, and reporting trends of multi-hazard events.
  • To explore interactions between hazard pairs and categorize multi-hazard event types.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the EM-DAT global disaster database, specifically the 'associated hazard' information.
  • Analyzed 16,535 recorded disasters over 123 years (1900-2023).
  • Classified hazard interactions into preconditioned/triggering, multivariate, temporally compounding, and spatially compounding categories.

Main Results:

  • Approximately 19% of recorded disasters were classified as multi-hazard events.
  • Multi-hazard events accounted for 59% of global economic losses, despite causing fewer fatalities than single-hazard events.
  • Floods, storms, and earthquakes were the most common primary hazards, with landslides frequently acting as secondary hazards.

Conclusions:

  • Multi-hazard events, though less frequent than single-hazard events, drive a disproportionately large share of economic losses.
  • Asia and North America show a higher prevalence of multi-hazard events, while Europe experiences more temporal overlaps.
  • Integrating multi-hazard perspectives into risk assessments and policy is essential for effective disaster management.