The effects of high velocity resistance training on bone mineral density in older adults: A systematic review
Inaya Haque1, Thomas Z Schlacht1, Dawn A Skelton1
1Research Centre for Health (ReaCH), School of Health & Life Sciences, Physiotherapy and Paramedicine, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK.
Objective:
To determine the effects of high velocity resistance training (HVRT) on bone mineral density (BMD) in older adults.
Methods:
A systematic review was conducted using five databases. Records were screened by two independent reviewers.
Inclusion Criteria:
adults ≥50 years old, HVRT defined as rapid concentric and slow eccentric phase against an external load, control group and/or other intervention group, BMD measured using dual X-ray absorptiometry, and ≥6 months.
Results:
25 studies met the inclusion criteria. 12 were original intervention studies (8 RCTs) with n = 1203 people. 13 papers were follow up studies of these original interventions. Heterogeneity of studies meant no meta-analysis was performed. Moderate evidence suggests a small statistically significant effect of HVRT on BMD in older adults at the lumbar spine, total hip, and femoral neck ranging from 0.9 % to 5.4 %. BMD measurements significantly decreased post-intervention in follow-up studies where the interventions had ceased. Dose-response of HVRT was shown to positively impact BMD when ≥2 sessions per week are completed.
Conclusions:
HVRT plays a role in increasing BMD of the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total hip. Doses of higher intensity exercise performed ≥2 sessions per week will yield the most skeletal benefits, and if exercise is stopped for >6 months, benefits achieved may be lost.
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