Ontogeny of the circadian system: a multiscale process throughout development

Area of Science:

• Chronobiology
• Developmental Biology
• Mammalian Physiology

Background:

• The 24-hour (circadian) timing system is crucial for anticipating daily environmental changes in mammals.
• While the adult circadian system is well-studied, its developmental process (ontogeny) remains less understood.
• The perinatal period is critical for the progressive acquisition of circadian system functionality.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current evidence on the ontogeny of the mammalian circadian clock.
• To highlight the multilevel complexity involved in circadian system development.
• To emphasize the importance of understanding the underlying biology of circadian clock development.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of existing research on mammalian circadian clock development.
• Synthesis of findings on the influence of the early environment on circadian system maturation.
• Analysis of the multilevel complexity of circadian clock ontogeny.

Main Results:

• Circadian system functionality is progressively gained during the perinatal period.
• The early environment significantly influences the development of the circadian clock.
• The development involves intricate molecular, cellular, and systemic processes.

Conclusions:

• Understanding circadian clock development is essential for comprehending mammalian physiology.
• Further research into the biology of circadian ontogeny is warranted.
• The perinatal development of the circadian system is a complex, environmentally influenced process.