Alternative Direct Restorative Materials for Dental Amalgam: A Concise Review Based on an FDI Policy Statement

Area of Science:

• Dental materials science
• Restorative dentistry
• Public health policy

Background:

• Dental amalgam was historically dominant but its use is decreasing.
• Poor aesthetics and advancements in tooth-colored materials drive amalgam decline.
• The Minamata Convention mandates a phase-down of dental amalgam use.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide guidance on selecting direct restorative materials as alternatives to dental amalgam.
• To inform dental professionals based on a FDI Policy Statement and current literature.
• To promote a patient-centered approach in choosing dental restorative materials.

Main Methods:

• Review of current literature from PubMed and internet sources.
• Informed by an FDI Policy Statement on direct restorative materials.
• Analysis of dental, oral, and patient-specific factors for material selection.

Main Results:

• No single material can replace amalgam in all situations; diverse materials are needed.
• Selection criteria include dentition, tooth type, cavity class, caries risk, and patient systemic factors.
• Special handling precautions for resin-based materials and informed patient consent are crucial.

Conclusions:

• A patient-centered approach is recommended over a material-centered one for dental restorations.
• Consideration of cost, reimbursement, and environmental impact is necessary for amalgam alternatives.
• Further research is needed to enhance material properties, clinical performance, and cost-effectiveness.