Epidermis lesion detection via optimized distributed capsule neural network

Skin cancer, encompassing various forms such as melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and others, remains a significant global health concern, often proving fatal if not diagnosed and treated in its early stages. The challenge of accurately diagnosing skin cancer, particularly melanoma, persists even for experienced dermatologists due to the intricate and unpredictable nature of its symptoms. To address the need for more accurate and efficient skin cancer detection, a novel Golden Hawk Optimization-based Distributed Capsule Neural Network (GHO-DCaNN) is proposed. This novel technique leverages advanced computational methods to improve the reliability and precision of skin cancer diagnosis. An optimized clustering-based segmentation approach is introduced, integrating the innovative Sewer Shad Fly Optimization (SSFO), which combines elements of both mayfly and moth flame optimization. This integration enhances the accuracy of lesion boundary delineation and feature extraction. The core of the innovation lies in the optimized distributed capsule neural network, which is trained using the Hybrid GHO. This optimizer, inspired by the behaviors of the golden eagle and fire hawk, ensures the effectiveness of epidermis lesion detection, pushing the boundaries of skin cancer diagnosis methods. The achievements based on the metrics, like specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy show 97.53%, 99.05%, and 98.83% for 90% of training and 97.83%, 99.50%, and 99.06% for k-fold of 10, respectively.