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Sulfur, an important element in the chemical makeup of proteins, is recycled through the atmosphere and aquatic and terrestrial environments. Found in the atmosphere as sulfur dioxide (SO2), sulfur is released by decaying organisms, weathered rocks, geothermal vents, volcanos, and burning fossil fuels. It is deposited into the ecosystem, cycled through the biotic community, and either released back into the atmosphere as gas or deposited in marine sediment for long-term storage and eventual...

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Updated: Jul 8, 2025

Design and Use of a Full Flow Sampling System FFS for the Quantification of Methane Emissions

Design and Use of a Full Flow Sampling System FFS for the Quantification of Methane Emissions

Published on: June 12, 2016

Missing methane emissions from urban sewer networks.

Jaewon Joo¹, Sujong Jeong², Jaewon Shin¹

¹Environmental Planning Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Climate Tech Center, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea.

Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)

|December 10, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Sewer networks emit significant methane, a greenhouse gas not in national inventories. Addressing these microbial emissions from combined sewers can help cities accurately report and reduce their climate impact.

Keywords:

Greenhouse gas Manholes Methane emissions Mobile measurements Sewer networks

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Last Updated: Jul 8, 2025

Design and Use of a Full Flow Sampling System FFS for the Quantification of Methane Emissions

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Measuring Dissolved Methane in Aquatic Ecosystems Using An Optical Spectroscopy Gas Analyzer

Measuring Dissolved Methane in Aquatic Ecosystems Using An Optical Spectroscopy Gas Analyzer

Published on: July 26, 2024

Area of Science:

Environmental Science
Atmospheric Chemistry
Urban Ecology

Background:

Sewer networks are a notable source of anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHGs).
Current national GHG inventories often do not account for methane (CH4) emissions from sewer systems.
Understanding these emissions is crucial for accurate climate change mitigation strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

To quantify methane emissions from sewer networks in urban areas.
To investigate the source of methane emissions in sewer systems.
To inform national GHG inventories and urban climate policies.

Main Methods:

Utilized an electric vehicle-based atmospheric GHG monitoring platform.
Collected observational data in residential and commercial areas of Seoul (Gwanak district).
Analyzed ethane-to-methane ratios to differentiate emission sources.

Main Results:

Quantified significant methane emissions of approximately 573 t y⁻¹ from Seoul's sewer networks.
Observed low ethane-to-methane ratios (<0.005), indicating microbial activity as the primary source.
Identified combined sewer networks, manholes, and rain gutters as major emission pathways.

Conclusions:

Sewer methane emissions represent a significant, underreported GHG source.
Microbial activity in combined sewer systems is a key driver of these emissions.
Implementing sewer network treatments can mitigate these emissions and improve GHG inventory accuracy.