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Related Concept Videos

Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2025

A Real-time Potency Assay for Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells Targeting Solid and Hematological Cancer Cells
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[Challenges and prospects for CAR-T therapy].

Seitaro Terakura1

  • 1Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Hospital.

[Rinsho Ketsueki] the Japanese Journal of Clinical Hematology
|December 10, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy shows increasing use and safety in Japan. However, relapses due to CAR-T cell exhaustion and antigen loss necessitate new strategies and novel CAR-T therapies.

Keywords:
CAR-T therapyEffector functionExhaustionTarget antigen loss

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunotherapy
  • Cellular Therapy

Context:

  • Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy adoption is rising in Japan following Tisagenlecleucel approval in March 2019.
  • Clinical application of CD19-targeted CAR-T therapy indicates a favorable safety profile, exceeding initial expectations.
  • A significant challenge remains the high rate of relapse or refractory disease in approximately 50% of patients undergoing CD19 CAR-T therapy.

Purpose:

  • To review the current landscape of CAR-T cell therapy in Japan.
  • To identify key challenges limiting CAR-T therapy efficacy, including CAR-T cell exhaustion, antigen loss, and rapid tumor progression.
  • To discuss ongoing research and development of countermeasures and novel CAR-T therapies.

Summary:

  • CAR-T cell therapy, particularly targeting CD19, is increasingly utilized in Japan with demonstrated safety.
  • Therapeutic limitations include CAR-T cell exhaustion, loss of target antigen, and rapid tumor growth, leading to a ~50% relapse/refractory rate.
  • Active research focuses on overcoming these challenges and developing innovative CAR-T cell therapies.

Impact:

  • Improved understanding of CAR-T therapy limitations in clinical practice.
  • Highlights the need for advanced therapeutic strategies to enhance CAR-T cell persistence and effectiveness.
  • Informs future directions for CAR-T therapy development, aiming to improve patient outcomes in hematological malignancies.