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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes significantly to the inflammation seen in Crohn's disease. It exists as soluble TNF and membrane-bound TNF, with actions mediated through TNF receptors (TNFR). TNFR activation leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, T-cell activation, collagen production, and leukocyte migration, all contributing to inflammation in Crohn's disease. Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, namely infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab...
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Antibodies, or immunoglobulins, are critical players in the immune system's arsenal against invading pathogens. Produced by B cells and plasma cells, their primary role is to detect and bind to specific antigens, molecules found on the surface of pathogens like bacteria or viruses. Beyond antigen recognition, antibodies perform several vital functions that contribute to immune defense.
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Antibody and immunotherapy in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Allison Barraclough1, Eliza A Hawkes2

  • 1Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Australia; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

Seminars in Hematology
|December 10, 2023
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Summary

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) treatments have advanced significantly with antibody therapies and immunotherapy, improving survival for many patients. This review explores these innovations and future directions in DLBCL treatment.

Keywords:
Antibody drug conjugatesBispecific antibodiesDiffuse large B-cell lymphomaImmunotherapyMonoclonal antibodies

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Oncology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a common and complex B-cell malignancy.
  • While many patients achieve cure with initial immunochemotherapy, refractory disease carries a poor prognosis.

Approach:

  • This review synthesizes current literature on antibody-based therapies and immunotherapies for DLBCL.
  • It examines the evolution of these treatments, including monoclonal antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates, and bispecific antibodies.

Key Points:

  • Rituximab, a CD20-targeting monoclonal antibody, significantly improved survival when added to chemotherapy.
  • Recent years have seen 5 new antibody therapy approvals for DLBCL.
  • These therapies target malignant B-cells or harness the immune system to combat cancer.

Conclusions:

  • Antibody therapies and immunotherapy represent major therapeutic advances in DLBCL over the past four decades.
  • The ongoing development of novel antibody-based strategies offers promising future directions for managing DLBCL.