Decorated Vesicles as Prebiont Systems (a Hypothesis)

Decorated vesicles in deep, seafloor basalts form abiotically, but show at least four life-analogous features, which makes them a candidate for origin of life research. These features are a physical enclosure, carbon-assimilatory catalysts, semi-permeable boundaries, and a source of usable energy. The nanometer-to-micron-sized spherules on the inner walls of decorated vesicles are proposed to function as mineral proto-enzymes. Chemically, these structures resemble synthetic FeS clusters shown to convert CO₂, CO and H₂ into methane, formate, and acetate. Secondary phyllosilicate minerals line the vesicles' inner walls and can span openings in the vesicles and thus can act as molecular sieves between the vesicles' interior and the surrounding aquifer. Lastly, basalt glass in the vesicle walls takes up protons, which replace cations in the silicate framework. This results in an inward proton flux, reciprocal outward flux of metal cations, more alkaline pH inside the vesicle than outside, and production of more phyllosilicates. Such life-like features could have been exploited to move decorated vesicles toward protolife systems. Decorated vesicles are proposed as study models of prebiotic systems that are expected to have existed on the early Earth and Earth-like exoplanets. Their analysis can lead to better understanding of changes in planetary geocycles during the origin of life.