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Related Concept Videos

Halogens03:01

Halogens

18.5K
Group 17 elements, known as halogens, are nonmetals. At room temperature, fluorine and chlorine are gases, bromine is a liquid, and iodine a solid. Astatine is a highly unstable radioactive element, so currently, most of its properties are unknown due to its short half-life. Tennessine is a synthetic element also predicted to be in this group. 
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Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Fluorination and Iodination of Benzene01:13

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Fluorination and Iodination of Benzene

6.0K
Bromination and chlorination of aromatic rings by electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions are easily achieved, but fluorination and iodination are difficult to achieve. Fluorine is so reactive that its reaction with benzene is difficult to control, resulting in poor yields of monofluoroaromatic products. To address this, Selectfluor reagent is used as a fluorine source in which a fluorine atom is bonded to a positively charged nitrogen.
6.0K
ortho–para-Directing Deactivators: Halogens01:24

ortho–para-Directing Deactivators: Halogens

5.6K
Halogens are ortho–para directors. They are more electronegative than carbon. Therefore, as ring substituents, they can withdraw electrons through the inductive effect and deactivate the aromatic ring towards electrophilic substitution. Halogens also have an electron-donating resonance effect on the ring, which influences the orientation of the incoming electrophile. If an electrophile attacks at the ortho or the para position, the halogen donates electrons and stabilizes the intermediate...
5.6K
FISH - Fluorescent In-situ Hybridization02:07

FISH - Fluorescent In-situ Hybridization

20.7K
Fluorescence in situ hybridization, or FISH, was developed in the early 1980s and has quickly become one of the most widely used techniques in cytogenetics. Labeled probes are used to bind complementary DNA or RNA sequences on a chromosome or in a region within a cell. Earlier, the probes could only be obtained by cloning or reverse transcription of a DNA template. Currently, the probe oligonucleotides can be synthesized synthetically. Additionally, with the advancement of optical techniques,...
20.7K
Fluorescence and Phosphorescence: Instrumentation01:25

Fluorescence and Phosphorescence: Instrumentation

614
Fluorometers and spectrofluorometers are two types of instruments used for measuring molecular fluorescence. These instruments differ in how they select excitation and emission wavelengths and the type of light sources they utilize. Fluorometers use absorption interference filters to choose excitation and emission wavelengths. The excitation source in a fluorometer is typically a low-pressure mercury vapor lamp that emits intense lines distributed throughout the ultraviolet and visible regions.
614
Alkyl Halides02:45

Alkyl Halides

16.7K
Structural Properties
Alkyl halides are halogen-substituted alkanes wherein one or more hydrogen atoms of an alkane is replaced by a halogen atom such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine. The carbon atom in an alkyl halide is bonded to the halogen atom, which is sp3-hybridized and exhibits a tetrahedral shape.
Unlike alkyl halides, compounds in which a halogen atom is bonded to an sp2 -hybridized carbon atom of a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) are called vinyl halides. Whereas aryl...
16.7K

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Identifying Per- and Polyfluorinated Chemical Species with a Combined Targeted and Non-Targeted-Screening High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Workflow
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Identifying Per- and Polyfluorinated Chemical Species with a Combined Targeted and Non-Targeted-Screening High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Workflow

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Recent developments in fluorine-containing pesticides.

Peter Jeschke1

  • 1Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.

Pest Management Science
|December 11, 2023
PubMed
Summary

The agrochemical industry needs new pesticides due to challenges like population growth and environmental impact. Fluorine-containing molecules offer improved efficacy and environmental profiles for sustainable agriculture.

Keywords:
acaricidesfluorinated agrochemicalsfungicidesherbicidesinsecticidesmode of actionnematicidesphysicochemistryresistanceselectivitystructure–activity relationship

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Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives
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Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives

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Application of Elemental Lanthanides in the Selective C-F Activation of Trifluoromethylated Benzofulvenes Providing Access to Various Difluoroalkenes
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Area of Science:

  • Agrochemical Science
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Modern agriculture faces sustainability challenges, including feeding a growing population and minimizing environmental impact.
  • The agrochemical industry is experiencing a decline in new active ingredients due to regulatory and market pressures.
  • Novel agrochemicals with enhanced efficacy and environmental profiles are crucial for sustainable food production.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in fluorine-containing pesticides.
  • To highlight current development candidates in fluorinated agrochemicals.
  • To underscore the role of fluorine in modifying physicochemical properties for improved pesticide performance.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of fluorine-containing pesticides launched in the past seven years.
  • Analysis of the impact of fluorine incorporation on molecular properties.
  • Identification and description of current fluorine-containing development candidates.

Main Results:

  • Fluorine incorporation, using motifs like trifluoromethyl and trifluoromethoxy, significantly influences molecular physicochemical properties.
  • Several novel fluorine-containing pesticides have been introduced in recent years, offering improved performance.
  • A range of promising fluorine-containing development candidates are emerging in the crop protection market.

Conclusions:

  • Fluorine chemistry is a vital strategy for developing next-generation agrochemicals.
  • Fluorinated pesticides demonstrate potential for enhanced efficacy and better environmental compatibility.
  • Continued research into fluorine-containing compounds is essential for the future of sustainable agriculture.