Evaluation of factors affecting the healing process of venous ulcers: A 12-week longitudinal study

The process of healing venous ulcers is complex and influenced by many factors. By identifying the risk factors that influence a slower healing process, it is possible to predict impending delays and plan an individualised care plan. We analysed our database of patients with venous ulcers and identified clinical and demographic factors that delay the healing process. The research analysed the medical records of 754 patients with VLUs at Chronic Wound Treatment Unit of the University Hospital treated between 2001 and 2019. In study, the majority (64.3%) were women, the mean age was 65.7 years. The median duration of Chronic Venous Insufficiency was 24 years, 52% patients had had the disease >20 years, and 296 (39.3%) had experienced ulceration >12 months. Most of the patients (85.8%) had comorbidities, 84% were obese. At 12-week follow-up, 432 of the 754 ulcers had healed. Identified independent predictors of slower ulcer healing rates: wound area greater than 8.25 cm² , location of the ulceration other than the medial ankle area, underlying disease >20 years, the presence of multiple comorbidities, depth of the ulcer, the presence of an unpleasant smell and alert pathogens. The presence of redness resulted in faster healing of VLUc. Many factors influence the healing process of venous ulceration. The results of the study can help in planning patient care and implementing appropriate early strategies to promote healing.