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Related Concept Videos

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:28

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

970
Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow...
970
Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class II Agents as β-Adrenergic Blockers01:24

Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class II Agents as β-Adrenergic Blockers

747
Adrenergic stimulation generally impacts cardiac rate and rhythm. Specifically, stimulation of the β-adrenoceptors triggers an increase in intracellular calcium ion influx and pacemaker currents, which may cause arrhythmias. Catecholamines like adrenaline also demonstrate β2-adrenoceptor-mediated hypokalemia, impacting cardiac action potential and disrupting the normal cardiac rhythm. Class II antiarrhythmic drugs are β-adrenoceptor antagonists or β-blockers, which...
747
Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class IV Agents as Calcium Channel Blockers01:20

Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class IV Agents as Calcium Channel Blockers

844
Class IV antiarrhythmic drugs, such as verapamil and diltiazem, block calcium channels. They primarily affect the heart, slowing the conduction in calcium-dependent tissues like the SA and AV nodes. These drugs manage reentrant supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) and reduce ventricular rate in atrial flutter/fibrillation.
Verapamil, a calcium channel blocker, inhibits calcium movement across myocardial cell membranes and vascular smooth muscle. This results in the dilation of coronary and...
844
ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias01:25

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

21
Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...
21
Pulse rhythm01:30

Pulse rhythm

807
Pulse rhythm refers to the pattern of pulsations within specific intervals, offering valuable insights into the regularity or irregularity of the heart's beats as observed through the pattern of pulsation within specific intervals. A regular pulse exhibits a consistent heart rate with uniform waveforms and pulsation force, variations of which can be classified as normal, weak, or bounding.
Conversely, an irregular pulse pattern is termed dysrhythmia, stemming from disruptions in cardiac...
807
Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class III Agents as Potassium Channel Blockers01:12

Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class III Agents as Potassium Channel Blockers

1.0K
Class III antiarrhythmic drugs are a group of medications that can prolong action potentials in the heart. They achieve this by blocking potassium channels or enhancing inward currents from sodium channels. However, these drugs have a unique property of "reverse use-dependence," which is most pronounced at slower heart rates and can lead to torsades de pointes—a specific type of arrhythmia. However, it is essential to note that excessive QT interval prolongation—a measure of...
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Updated: Jul 8, 2025

The WATCHMAN Left Atrial Appendage Closure Device for Atrial Fibrillation
23:33

The WATCHMAN Left Atrial Appendage Closure Device for Atrial Fibrillation

Published on: February 28, 2012

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Rate Versus Rhythm Control for Atrial Fibrillation.

Edward D Shin1, H Nicole Tran1,2, Nirmala D Ramalingam3

  • 1Department of Medicine, Kaiser Permanente Oakland Medical Center, Oakland, CA, USA.

The Permanente Journal
|December 11, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) management involves balancing anticoagulation with either rate or rhythm control strategies. This article compares the risks and benefits of these approaches for AF patients.

Keywords:
Atrial fibrillationheart failurerate controlrhythm control

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Catheter Ablation in Combination With Left Atrial Appendage Closure for Atrial Fibrillation
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Estimating Bilateral Atrial Function by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Feature Tracking in Patients with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 8, 2025

The WATCHMAN Left Atrial Appendage Closure Device for Atrial Fibrillation
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Catheter Ablation in Combination With Left Atrial Appendage Closure for Atrial Fibrillation
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Estimating Bilateral Atrial Function by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Feature Tracking in Patients with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Electrophysiology

Background:

  • Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia, increasing with age.
  • AF is linked to higher risks of heart failure, stroke, cardiac events, and dementia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the risks and benefits of rate control versus rhythm control in managing atrial fibrillation.
  • To outline current AF management strategies at Kaiser Permanente Northern California.

Main Methods:

  • Review of treatment strategies for atrial fibrillation.
  • Comparison of rate control (AV nodal blockers) and rhythm control (AADs, cardioversion, ablation).

Main Results:

  • The optimal AF treatment strategy (rate vs. rhythm control) is a subject of ongoing debate.
  • Anticoagulation for thromboembolism prophylaxis is a primary treatment goal.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of atrial fibrillation requires careful consideration of anticoagulation, rate control, and rhythm control.
  • Individualized treatment plans are crucial for patients with atrial fibrillation.