Thoracoliths in Pleural Space Mimicking Lung Cancer: A Case Report

Pulmonary nodules often present a diagnostic challenge due to their diverse etiology, ranging from benign to malignant conditions. We discuss the diagnostic journey of a 71-year-old female patient with a history of kidney stones, who was incidentally found to have a pleural-based pulmonary nodule during a CT urogram. Subsequent imaging showed nodule growth, prompting further investigations, including a PET/CT scan and CT-guided biopsy, which yielded inconclusive results. A multidisciplinary approach recommended surgical resection, revealing three mobile calcified-like nodules within the pleural space, later identified as hyalinized nodules. The absence of malignancy was reassuring. These benign, mobile pleural bodies, known as thoracoliths, are challenging to differentiate from pulmonary nodules. This case underscores the importance of considering rare benign entities in pulmonary nodule differentials and highlights the need for a multidisciplinary approach, surgical intervention, and open-mindedness in complex diagnostic scenarios.