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Cardiac Surgery Morbidity and Mortality in Hypertensive and Arrhythmic Patients: A Retrospective Analysis
Abdullah Abdulrahman Bayazed1, Abdullah Khalid Alassiri1, Abdullah Alaa Farid1
1Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU.
Insights
Hypertension and atrial fibrillation before cardiac surgery increase postoperative risks. Optimizing patient health preoperatively is crucial for better outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Cardiac Surgery
- Hypertension Research
Background:
- Hypertension (HTN) is a major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality.
- Arrhythmias, particularly atrial fibrillation (AF), are linked to increased CVD risks and sudden death.
- HTN, diabetes mellitus (DM), and coronary artery disease (CAD) are key risk factors for arrhythmias.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify postoperative effects and risk factors of HTN and cardiac arrhythmia.
- To analyze data from patients undergoing cardiac surgery at King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH) between 2015 and 2022.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective review of electronic medical records at KAUH.
- Inclusion of 402 patients who underwent cardiac surgery, encompassing both hypertensive and arrhythmic individuals.
- Data collection focused on preoperative conditions and postoperative outcomes.
Main Results:
- 209 out of 402 patients had preoperative HTN, and 47 had preoperative AF.
- Postoperative arrhythmia significantly increased perioperative morbidity and mortality (p < 0.001).
- Increased age, higher BMI, and DM were identified as risk factors for HTN and arrhythmia.
Conclusions:
- Preoperative HTN and AF are associated with higher rates of postoperative morbidity and mortality.
- Atrial fibrillation was the most common type of arrhythmia observed.
- Optimizing patient health before surgery is recommended, with a call for further research into perioperative HTN and arrhythmia implications.
Background:
Hypertension (HTN) is the most significant modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and overall mortality. HTN is defined as a systolic blood pressure of ≥140 mmHg and/or a diastolic blood pressure of ≥ 90 mmHg. Generally, arrhythmias are characterized by a disruption of the heart's regular rhythm. They are strongly associated with increased risks of CVDs and sudden death. The most common arrhythmia worldwide is atrial fibrillation (AF). HTN, diabetes mellitus (DM), and coronary artery disease (CAD) are major risk factors for arrhythmias.
Objective:
We aimed to identify the postoperative effects and risk factors of HTN and cardiac arrhythmia in patients who underwent cardiac surgery at King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH) from 2015 to 2022.
Methods:
A retrospective record review was conducted by collecting data from KAUH electronic medical records. A total of 402 patients participated in this study. This study includes all hypertensive and arrhythmic patients who underwent cardiac surgeries.
Results:
Of the 402 patients studied, 209 had pre-operative HTN, and 47 had preoperative AF. Developing post-operative arrhythmia was found to significantly increase perioperative morbidity and mortality (p < 0.001). Risk factors for HTN and arrhythmia included increased age, higher BMI, and DM.
Conclusion:
The findings of this study suggest an association between preoperative HTN and AF and elevated rates of postoperative morbidity and mortality. AF emerged as the predominant arrhythmia type. It is advisable to optimize patients' health status prior to surgical procedures. Moreover, further research is recommended in this field to deepen our understanding of the perioperative implications of HTN and arrhythmias.
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