Cannabinoids and the endocannabinoid system in immunotherapy: helpful or harmful?

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Immunology
• Pharmacology

Background:

• The endocannabinoid system (ECS) comprises cannabinoid receptors (CB1, CB2), ligands, and enzymes, playing a role in tissue homeostasis.
• The ECS's impact on cancer is variable, depending on tumor type and receptor expression.
• Cannabis compounds can affect tumor growth, with CB1 agonists showing potential for tumor cell killing.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the current understanding of the ECS's role in cancer immunoregulation.
• To explore how the ECS influences the tumor microenvironment (TME).
• To discuss the potential impact of ECS modulation on cancer immunotherapy outcomes.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies on the ECS, cancer, and immunotherapy.
• Analysis of the ECS components (CB receptors, enzymes) in immune cells and the TME.
• Synthesis of data regarding cannabis use and immunotherapy efficacy.

Main Results:

• The ECS is implicated in regulating immune cell profiles within the TME.
• Cannabis's immunosuppressive properties may negatively affect cancer immunotherapy.
• CB receptors and enzymes like monoacylglycerol lipase are key players in immune regulation within the TME.

Conclusions:

• The ECS's role in cancer immunity and immunotherapy is complex and requires further investigation.
• Targeting the ECS could offer novel strategies for cancer treatment, but potential immune interactions must be considered.
• Further research is needed to clarify the ECS's precise impact on the TME and immunotherapy efficacy.