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Related Concept Videos

Cell-surface Signaling01:21

Cell-surface Signaling

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Hormones—or any molecule that binds to a receptor, known as a ligand—that are lipid-insoluble (water-soluble) are not able to diffuse across the cell membrane. In order to be able to affect a cell without entering it, these hormones bind to receptors on the cell membrane. When a first messenger, a hormone, binds to a receptor, a signal cascade is set off, causing second messengers, proteins inside the cell, to become activated, resulting in downstream effects.
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Assembly of Signaling Complexes01:30

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Multiprotein signaling complexes are formed in a dynamic process involving protein-protein interactions at the cytoplasmic domain of transmembrane receptors or enzymatic and non-enzymatic proteins associated with the receptor. These complexes ensure the activation and propagation of intracellular signals that regulate cell functions.
Interaction domains in cell signaling
Interaction domains recognize exposed features of their binding partners containing post-translationally modified sequences,...
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Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

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Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
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Signal Transduction: Overview01:26

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Cells respond to many types of information, often through receptor proteins positioned on the membrane. They respond to chemical signals, such as hormones, neurotransmitters, and other signaling molecules, initiating a series of molecular reactions to produce an appropriate response. This is called signal transduction. Cells also coordinate different responses elicited by the same signaling molecule via mediators, allowing molecular cross-talk.
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Amplifying Signals via Second Messengers01:15

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Many receptor binding ligands are hydrophilic; they do not cross the cell membrane but bind to cell-surface receptors. Thus, their message must be relayed by second messengers present in the cell cytoplasm. There are several second messenger pathways, each with its own way of relaying information. For example, the G protein-coupled receptors can activate both phosphoinositol and cyclic AMP (cAMP) second messenger pathways. The phosphoinositol pathway is active when the receptor induces...
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Secondary Messengers in Hormone Action01:26

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Water-soluble hormones cannot cross the plasma membrane, so they rely on protein receptors that span the membrane to trigger intracellular signaling pathways. These pathways then activate second messengers inside the cell, including cAMP or calcium ions.
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Updated: Jul 8, 2025

Biochemical Reconstitution of Steroid Receptor•Hsp90 Protein Complexes and Reactivation of Ligand Binding
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Multiplexed Membrane Signaling by Glucocorticoids.

Laura M Harrison1, Jeffrey G Tasker1

  • 1Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118.

Current Opinion in Endocrine and Metabolic Research
|December 11, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Glucocorticoids rapidly activate membrane receptors, initiating diverse signaling pathways in the brain. This review explores these rapid, non-genomic glucocorticoid actions and their broad cellular regulatory capabilities.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroendocrinology
  • Cellular Signaling
  • Molecular Pharmacology

Background:

  • Glucocorticoids traditionally act via nuclear receptors to regulate gene expression.
  • Emerging evidence suggests rapid, non-genomic actions initiated at the cell membrane.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the cell signaling mechanisms underlying rapid glucocorticoid actions in the brain.
  • To highlight the divergence into multiplexed signaling pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating rapid glucocorticoid signaling.
  • Analysis of signaling cascades involving membrane receptors and intracellular pathways.

Main Results:

  • Rapid glucocorticoid actions involve membrane receptor activation and signal transduction.
  • These pathways engage lipid/gas messengers, receptor trafficking, and nuclear receptor activation.
  • This leads to simultaneous regulation of diverse cellular functions.

Conclusions:

  • Membrane-initiated glucocorticoid signaling provides rapid, broad regulatory control.
  • Understanding these pathways is crucial for comprehending glucocorticoid's diverse roles in the brain.