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Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab

AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview

Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample by analyzing the light emitted from excited atoms. In AES, atoms in a sample are excited to higher energy levels by thermal energy from high-temperature sources, such as plasma, arcs, or sparks. When these excited atoms return to lower energy states, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic of each element. The resulting atomic emission spectrum, which consists of...

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers. Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Interference

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Interference

In atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), high-temperature atomizers excite a broad range of elements and molecules that generate complex emissions from sources such as oxides, hydroxides, and flame combustion products in the flame or plasma. Several strategies can be employed to minimize spectral interferences caused by overlapping emission lines or bands. These include increasing instrument resolution, choosing alternative emission lines, optimally placing the detector in low-background regions,...

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Interference

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Interference

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2025

Making Precise and Accurate Single-Molecule FRET Measurements using the Open-Source smfBox

Making Precise and Accurate Single-Molecule FRET Measurements using the Open-Source smfBox

Published on: July 5, 2021

Measurement precision bounds on aberrated single molecule emission patterns.

Li Fang¹, Fang Huang^1,2,3

¹Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology

|December 11, 2023

Summary

Optical aberrations degrade Single-Molecule Localization Microscopy (SMLM) resolution. This study quantifies aberration effects on 3D SMLM precision, providing guidelines for aberration correction strategies.

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Last Updated: Jul 8, 2025

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High Precision FRET at Single-molecule Level for Biomolecule Structure Determination

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Published on: May 13, 2017

Area of Science:

Biophysics
Optical Microscopy
Nanotechnology

Background:

Single-Molecule Localization Microscopy (SMLM) offers nanoscale resolution for biological studies.
Optical aberrations from sample/system imperfections distort point spread functions (PSFs), reducing SMLM precision, especially in 3D.
A comprehensive analysis of aberration impact on SMLM is lacking.

Approach:

Quantitatively studied theoretical precision limits for position and wavefront measurements under aberrations.
Utilized Fisher information and Cramér-Rao lower bound (CRLB) for analysis.
Compared aberration effects on 2D SMLM, and biplane/astigmatism 3D modalities, including index mismatch aberrations.

Key Points:

Analyzed localization precision limits in 2D and 3D SMLM under various optical aberrations.
Quantified wavefront estimation precision from aberrated single-molecule patterns.
Investigated the impact of index mismatch aberrations on SMLM performance.

Conclusions:

Provides quantitative insights into aberration effects on SMLM precision and wavefront estimation.
Lays a foundation for developing efficient aberration correction strategies for SMLM.
Enhances precision and reliability of 3D SMLM for imaging thick specimens like cells and tissues.