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Related Concept Videos

Genomics02:02

Genomics

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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
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Next-generation sequencing technologies have created large genomic databases of a variety of animals and plants. Ever since the human genome project was completed, scientists studied the genome of primates, mammals, and other phylogenetically distant living beings. Such large-scale  studies have provided new insights into the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
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Microarrays are high-throughput and relatively inexpensive assays that can be automated to analyze large quantities of data at a time. They are used in genome-wide studies to compare gene or protein expression under two varied conditions, such as healthy and diseased states. Microarrays consist of glass or silica slides on which probe molecules are covalently attached through surface functionalization. Most commonly, the slides are prepared through the chemisorption of silanes to silica...
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The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2025

Author Spotlight: Integrated Multi-Omics Analysis for Unveiling Multicellular Immune Signatures in Clinical Heart Attack Cohorts
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Giotto Suite: a multi-scale and technology-agnostic spatial multi-omics analysis ecosystem.

Jiaji George Chen1, Joselyn Cristina Chávez-Fuentes2, Matthew O'Brien1

  • 1Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|December 11, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Giotto Suite offers an open-source R package for integrating diverse spatial omics data. This toolbox enables scalable analysis and visualization of multi-omic datasets across various resolutions.

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Area of Science:

  • Spatial omics
  • Genomics
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Spatial omics technologies map tissue architecture and gene regulation.
  • These technologies generate vast, multi-scale data, posing integration challenges.
  • Efficiently harmonizing diverse spatial omics datasets is crucial for biological discovery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present Giotto Suite, an integrated, open-source toolbox for spatial omics data analysis.
  • To provide a technology-agnostic framework for representing and integrating diverse spatial omics data.
  • To enable scalable, flexible, and end-to-end solutions for spatial multi-omic data analysis and visualization.

Main Methods:

  • Developed Giotto Suite, a modular R-based software package.
  • Created a technology-agnostic data framework for spatial omics data.
  • Integrated molecular, morphology, spatial, and annotated feature information.
  • Built interoperable interfaces for genomics and spatial data science.

Main Results:

  • Giotto Suite allows representation and integration of diverse spatial omics data at any resolution.
  • The suite provides scalable solutions for data analysis, integration, and visualization.
  • Demonstrated flexible, multi-scale, multi-omic data analysis workflows.

Conclusions:

  • Giotto Suite offers a comprehensive ecosystem for spatial multi-omic data analysis.
  • The open-source nature and interoperable interfaces foster custom pipeline development.
  • Facilitates deeper mechanistic insights into biological processes and diseases through integrated spatial omics data.