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Language Development

Language Development

Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...

Language and Cognition

Language and Cognition

Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2025

Preclinical Model of Prenatal Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Exposure to Assess Its Impact on Neurodevelopmental Outcomes

Preclinical Model of Prenatal Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Exposure to Assess Its Impact on Neurodevelopmental Outcomes

Published on: February 28, 2025

Prenatal cannabinoid exposure and early language development.

Maria M Talavera-Barber^1,2, Evlyn Morehead³, Katherine Ziegler^1,2

¹Avera Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD, United States.

Frontiers in Pediatrics

|December 11, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Prenatal cannabis exposure (PCE) in late pregnancy was linked to increased expressive and receptive language scores in infants at 12 months. Early exposure was associated with improved gross motor skills, suggesting potential impacts on early neurodevelopment.

Keywords:

Mullen scores cannabis cognition language marijuana motor neurodevelopment

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Published on: April 19, 2017

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Developmental Psychology
Public Health

Background:

The neurodevelopmental effects of prenatal cannabis exposure (PCE) in infancy are not well understood.
Existing research on PCE's impact on childhood development is limited, particularly concerning early infancy.
The Mullen Scale of Early Learning (MSEL) assesses cognitive development from birth to 68 months, covering language and motor skills.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the association between prenatal cannabis exposure (PCE) during pregnancy and neurodevelopmental outcomes at 12 months of age.
To explore specific impacts on language and motor domains using the Mullen Scale of Early Learning (MSEL).

Main Methods:

A prospective cohort study, The Safe Passage Study, enrolled pregnant individuals and their infants.
Participants with available PCE data and 12-month MSEL scores were included.
Multiple linear regression models analyzed associations between PCE (early, late, or unexposed) and MSEL subscales (gross motor, fine motor, expressive language, receptive language, visual reception).

Main Results:

Infants with late PCE showed significantly increased expressive (p=0.0036) and receptive language scores (p=0.0322) at 12 months compared to unexposed infants.
Infants with early PCE demonstrated significantly increased gross motor scores (p=0.0105).
No significant differences were observed in fine motor or visual reception scores between exposed and unexposed groups.

Conclusions:

This study links prenatal cannabis exposure to altered early language development within the first year of life.
Exposed infants exhibited enhanced expressive and receptive language scores, potentially indicating better school readiness.
Further research is necessary to ascertain the long-term implications of these findings on neurodevelopment throughout childhood.