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Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
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Transdifferentiation, also known as lineage reprogramming, was first discovered by Selman and Kafatos in 1974 in silkmoths. They observed that the moths’ cuticle-producing cells transformed into salt-producing cells. Many such cases of natural transdifferentiation occur in organisms. In humans, pancreatic alpha cells can become beta cells. In newts, the loss of the eye’s lens causes the pigmented epithelial cells to transdifferentiate into the lens cells.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2025

Genome Editing and Directed Differentiation of hPSCs for Interrogating Lineage Determinants in Human Pancreatic Development
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Programming human cell fate: overcoming challenges and unlocking potential through technological breakthroughs.

Hsiu-Chuan Lin1, Aly Makhlouf2, Camila Vazquez Echegaray3

  • 1Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, 4057 Basel, Switzerland.

Development (Cambridge, England)
|December 11, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Advancements in programming human cell identity are promising but face efficiency challenges. New technologies and single-cell genomics offer precise engineering of cell fate for clinical applications.

Keywords:
Cell programmingGenomic engineeringHuman cell fateReprogrammingSynthetic biology

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Genomics
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Current methods for programming human cell identity lack efficiency and precision.
  • Engineered cells often fail to fully replicate desired functions.
  • Progress in cell fate engineering is hindered by existing protocol limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize key insights from a workshop on novel technologies for human cell fate programming.
  • To highlight the current state and future trajectory of cell fate engineering.
  • To explore the potential of breakthrough technologies in precise cell engineering.

Main Methods:

  • Expert discussions at The Company of Biologists' 2023 workshop.
  • Integration of single-cell genomics and advanced cell manipulation techniques.
  • Characterization of cells at the single (sub)cellular level.

Main Results:

  • Identification of key challenges and opportunities in human cell fate engineering.
  • Examples of current technological advancements and their applications.
  • Insights into the precise engineering of clinically valuable human cells.

Conclusions:

  • Breakthrough technologies are poised to significantly advance cell fate programming.
  • Precise engineering of human cell identity and function is increasingly achievable.
  • Future applications hold great potential for clinical cell therapies.