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Long-term Risk for Type 1 Diabetes and Obesity in Early Term Born Offspring: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Lilah Tsaitlin-Mor1,2, Adva Cahen-Peretz1,2, Yaakov Bentov1
1Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Hadassah Mount Scopus Medical Center, Jerusalem, PC 9851328, Israel.
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
|December 11, 2023
Summary
Early-term delivery, before 39 weeks, slightly increases the risk of type 1 diabetes in children. Elective early deliveries should be avoided when medically feasible to mitigate these long-term health risks.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Endocrinology
- Perinatal Medicine
- Public Health
Background:
- Prematurity poses long-term endocrine and metabolic risks to offspring.
- Uncertainty exists regarding risks associated with early-term deliveries (370/7-386/7 weeks gestation).
Approach:
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of observational cohort studies.
- Searched PubMed, Medline, and EMBASE for studies on early-term delivery and long-term type 1 diabetes and obesity risks.
- Assessed risk of bias and performed sensitivity analyses to determine pooled relative risks.
Key Points:
- Eleven high-quality studies were included.
- Early-term delivery showed a significant association with increased risk for type 1 diabetes (RR 1.19).
- The association with overweight and obesity was weaker (RR 1.05).
Conclusions:
- Early-term delivery presents a modest increased risk for pediatric type 1 diabetes compared to full-term delivery.
- Avoidance of elective delivery before 39 completed weeks of gestation is recommended when medically possible.
- Further research is needed to clarify causal relationships versus confounding factors.
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