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Related Concept Videos

Sulfate Attack on Concrete01:29

Sulfate Attack on Concrete

141
Sulfate attack on concrete is a deterioration process characterized by a whitish discoloration beginning at the edges and corners, accompanied by cracking and spalling. This phenomenon occurs when sulfates react with the components of hardened concrete, forming compounds like calcium sulfate and calcium sulfoaluminate which occupy more space than the substances they replace, causing the concrete to expand and disrupt.
Sulfates from sources like soil, groundwater, or industrial effluents...
141
Carbonation Shrinkage01:24

Carbonation Shrinkage

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Atmospheric CO2 penetrates the concrete's pores and, in the presence of moisture, forms carbonic acid, which then reacts with calcium hydroxide in the hydrated cement, forming calcium carbonate. This process reduces the concrete's volume and is termed carbonation shrinkage.
The concrete's permeability is slightly reduced as calcium carbonate produced during the reaction fills its pores. Furthermore, its strength is slightly enhanced as the water released during the reaction...
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The Sulfur Cycle01:22

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Sulfur, an important element in the chemical makeup of proteins, is recycled through the atmosphere and aquatic and terrestrial environments. Found in the atmosphere as sulfur dioxide (SO2), sulfur is released by decaying organisms, weathered rocks, geothermal vents, volcanos, and burning fossil fuels. It is deposited into the ecosystem, cycled through the biotic community, and either released back into the atmosphere as gas or deposited in marine sediment for long-term storage and eventual...
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Soundness of Cement01:17

Soundness of Cement

171
The soundness of cement refers to the ability of cement paste to retain its volume after setting. Unsound cement can lead to expansion and structural damage due to the presence of free lime, magnesia, and calcium sulfate. Free lime hydrates very slowly, expanding and causing unsoundness, which is difficult to detect because it intercrystallizes with other compounds. Magnesia also reacts with water, forming crystals that can disrupt the cement's structure. Calcium sulfate can create...
171

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Sulfate reduction behavior in response to landfill dynamic pressure changes.

Haomin Zhou1, Shuli Guo1, Cai Hui1

  • 1Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Non-ferrous Metal Waste Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China.

Journal of Environmental Management
|December 11, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Landfill pressure changes significantly impact sulfate reduction and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) release. High-pressure changes pose a greater risk of H2S pollution, affecting microbial communities and requiring control strategies.

Keywords:
H(2)SLandfillPressure changeSRBSulfate reduction

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Geochemistry
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Landfill stabilization involves dynamic pressure changes.
  • Understanding these pressure shifts is crucial for managing environmental risks like odor pollution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate sulfate reduction behavior under dynamic landfill pressure changes.
  • To analyze the impact of high and low-pressure differentials at varying temperatures on hydrogen sulfide (H2S) release.

Main Methods:

  • Simulated dynamic pressure scenarios (0.6 MPa and 0.2 MPa) at 25°C and 50°C.
  • Measured H2S release concentrations.
  • Analyzed microbial community structure and correlations with pressure changes.

Main Results:

  • High-pressure differentials caused more significant changes in sulfate reduction than low-pressure differentials.
  • Depressurization led to a substantial increase in H2S release (up to 21,828 mg m⁻³), indicating a high pollution risk.
  • Pressure negatively impacted sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) communities, prompting structural adaptation and enrichment of specific SRB species.

Conclusions:

  • Dynamic pressure changes in landfills significantly influence sulfate reduction and H2S emissions.
  • Specific SRB genera mediate H2S release differently at 25°C and 50°C.
  • Findings aid in developing control strategies for landfill odor pollution.