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Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter Increases Risk of Diabetes Mellitus: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Wei-Sheng Chung1, Cheng-Li Lin
1From the Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taichung, Taiwan (W.-S.C.); Department of Health Services Administration, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan (W.-S.C.); Department of Healthcare Administration, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan (W.-S.C.); Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (C.-L.L.); and College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan (C.-L.L.).
Objective:
This nationwide cohort study aimed to examine the association between PM2.5 and diabetes mellitus (DM) risk.
Methods:
We recorded annual average PM2.5 exposure levels at participants' locations. PM2.5 concentrations were categorized into quartiles: Q1 (<29.5 μg/m 3 ), Q2 (29.5-33.3 μg/m 3 ), Q3 (33.4-41.2 μg/m 3 ), and Q4 (>41.2 μg/m 3 ).
Results:
A total of 158,038 patients (69,688 men and 88,350 women) were enrolled. Diabetes mellitus incidence increased with higher annual PM2.5 concentrations (2.81 in Q1, 3.06 in Q2, 3.65 in Q3, and 3.89 in Q4 per 10,000 person-years). After adjusting for confounders, patients exposed to PM2.5 in Q2, Q3, and Q4 had adjusted hazard ratios of 1.14 (95% CI: 1.05-1.23), 1.40 (95% CI: 1.30-1.50), and 1.42 (95% CI: 1.32-1.53), respectively, for developing DM compared with those exposed to Q1-PM2.5 concentrations.
Conclusions:
This study observed an increased risk of DM associated with PM2.5 exposure.
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