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Hardware-in-the-loop simulation of vascular cannula interaction.

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    Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference
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    Summary

    This study introduces a Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulator for extracorporeal circulation systems. The HIL simulator accurately models blood vessel hydraulics, reducing the need for animal testing in automation and control development.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Medical Device Development
    • Physiological Simulation

    Background:

    • Traditional testing of extracorporeal circulation (ECC) systems relies heavily on animal experiments, posing ethical and reproducibility challenges.
    • Functions requiring patient physiology interaction are particularly difficult to test using animal models.
    • Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulators offer a promising alternative for advanced ECC system development.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To present a novel HIL simulator for modeling the hydraulic interaction between cannulas and blood vessels in ECC systems.
    • To develop a hydraulic model for elastic vessels, focusing on negative transmural pressure and vessel collapse phenomena.
    • To design a universal resistance actuator capable of simulating a wide range of vascular resistances.

    Main Methods:

    • Derivation of a hydraulic model for elastic blood vessels, emphasizing collapse under negative transmural pressure.
    • Design and implementation of a universal resistance actuator for simulating vascular resistance.
    • Integration of the hydraulic model and actuator into an interactive HIL simulator.

    Main Results:

    • The developed HIL simulator accurately models the hydraulic interaction between cannulas and blood vessels.
    • The hydraulic model effectively captures vessel collapse phenomena under negative transmural pressure.
    • The universal resistance actuator successfully simulates physiological vascular resistances within the HIL environment.

    Conclusions:

    • The presented HIL simulator provides a viable, ethical, and reproducible alternative to animal testing for ECC systems.
    • This simulation approach enables realistic testing of automation, control, and safety functions by mimicking physiological interactions.
    • The interactive nature of the HIL simulator allows devices under test to behave as if interacting with a real patient.