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A parametric study assessing Implicit Solver limits for a generic FEM Simulation of PTA without stent deployment.

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    Finite Element Model (FEM) simulations of Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty (PTA) are crucial for predicting outcomes. This study identifies the robustness limits of FEM for PTA, finding it reliable for stenoses below 50% in all artery sizes.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Computational Mechanics
    • Medical Simulation

    Background:

    • Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty (PTA) is a common procedure to treat arterial stenosis.
    • Numerical tools like Finite Element Models (FEM) can enhance PTA outcomes by predicting surgical results.
    • Robustness of FEM simulations is critical for clinical translation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the robustness of a generic FEM for PTA procedures.
    • To determine the influence of stenosis percentage, offset, and arterial caliber on simulation convergence.
    • To establish the boundaries for reliable FEM simulations in PTA.

    Main Methods:

    • Developed a generic FEM of the PTA procedure.
    • Modeled five arterial calibers by adjusting the inner diameter to wall thickness ratio.
    • Tested forty different configurations varying stenosis percentage and offset under consistent settings.
    • Analyzed simulation convergence and element deformation.

    Main Results:

    • Convergence issues arise for stenoses exceeding 65% blockage due to excessive element deformation.
    • Increased stenosis offset negatively impacts simulation convergence.
    • Simulations are less robust for small and large arterial calibers compared to intermediate ones.
    • An implicit solver demonstrates robustness for stenoses below 50% in all calibers.
    • Medium-caliber arteries show better robustness, converging for stenoses up to 60%.

    Conclusions:

    • FEM simulations of PTA are valuable for predicting permanent strain without stent deployment.
    • The robustness of FEM solvers is dependent on stenosis severity, offset, and arterial size.
    • Implicit solvers are robust for PTA simulations with stenoses <50% in all calibers and up to 60% in medium calibers.
    • This study defines critical parameters for reliable FEM application in PTA planning.