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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2025

Four-Dimensional Printing of Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogel-Based Soft Robots
05:43

Four-Dimensional Printing of Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogel-Based Soft Robots

Published on: January 13, 2023

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3D printed swelling-driven shape-morphing pH-responsive hydrogel gripper.

Harim Park, Yeonjae Lee, Jiwon Kim

    Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference
    |December 12, 2023
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    We developed 3D pH-responsive soft grippers using N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) and N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid (NIPAM-AAc). Their shape change is controlled by acrylic acid content and UV light intensity, enabling applications in drug delivery and biopsy tools.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Materials Science
    • Robotics

    Background:

    • Stimuli-responsive soft robots offer advanced solutions for biomedical applications like targeted drug delivery and minimally invasive tools.
    • Developing precise and controllable soft robotic systems is crucial for enhancing healthcare technologies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To design, 3D print, and evaluate novel time-dependent, shape-changing 3D pH-responsive soft grippers.
    • To investigate the influence of material composition and external stimuli on gripper actuation.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of bilayer soft grippers using N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) and N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid (NIPAM-AAc) via 3D printing.
    • Characterization of gripper shape change behavior under varying pH conditions, acrylic acid (AAc) concentrations, and UV light intensities.

    Main Results:

    • The swelling/deswelling-driven actuation of the NIPAM/NIPAM-AAc grippers was significantly influenced by the volume percentage of acrylic acid (AAc).
    • UV light intensity was identified as another key factor modulating the pH-responsive behavior and shape transformation of the soft grippers.
    • Demonstrated time-dependent shape change capabilities in the developed soft grippers.

    Conclusions:

    • The study successfully created 3D pH-responsive soft grippers with tunable shape-changing properties.
    • These grippers hold potential for untethered applications in biomedical healthcare, such as smart drug delivery capsules and biopsy tools.
    • Further research can optimize these soft grippers for specific clinical needs and advanced robotic functionalities.